We define and advance data and environments to push the AI frontier

Built on 10+ years of pioneering research in data-centric AI,
including 250+ publications and benchmarks.

building benchmarks and collaborating with

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key research areas

Vision and impact

We help labs advance frontier models by working with domain experts to design and build complex, realistic datasets that drive model performance.

initiatives

Community and open science

Open benchmarks, conversations, and research for real-world AI performance.

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Open Benchmarks Grants

Backed by a $3M commitment, the program funds
open-source datasets, benchmarks, and evaluation artifacts that shape how frontier AI systems are built
and evaluated.

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Bench Talks

Our podcast series at the intersection of AI evaluation, data quality, and real-world impact.
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Reading Group

A recurring forum for researchers and practitioners to explore the latest frontier developments in AI while building meaningful connections within the community.

DEEP RESEARCH Expertise

Technical advisors and distinguished affiliates

Stephen Bach headshot

Stephen Bach

Brown University
Eliot Horowitz Assistant Professor, Computer Science Department
Jason Fries headshot

Jason Fries

Stanford University
Assistant Professor of Biomedical Data Science and of Medicine
Jared Dunnmon headshot

Jared Dunnmon

Co-Founder & Chief Scientist, Stealth Startup
Prev. Dir. of AI at DIU
Fred Sala headshot

Fred Sala

Chief Scientist
,
Snorkel AI
Assistant Professor @ University of Wisconsin-Madison
Chris Ré headshot

Chris Ré

Co-Founder
,
Snorkel AI
Professor @ Stanford University
Ludwig Schmidt headshot

Ludwig Schmidt

Stanford University · LAION
Stanford researcher and LAION collaborator
Karthik Narasimhan headshot

Karthik Narasimhan

Princeton University
Professor of Computer Science
Yu Su headshot

Yu Su

Ohio State University
Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Lewis Tunstall headshot

Lewis Tunstall

Hugging Face
Machine Learning Engineer
PUBLICATIONS

Browse research blogs
and academic papers

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Closing the Evaluation Gap in Agentic AI
Blog
Closing the Evaluation Gap in Agentic AI

Announcing a $3M commitment to launch Open Benchmarks Grants Today, AI is marked by a growing asymmetry: the excitement around agentic AI is real—backed by quantitative progress on model cards and genuine leaps forward, especially in coding. But ask individuals or enterprises where they feel ready to deploy agentic automation in high-stakes, domain-specific settings outside of coding… and you will…

Feb 11, 2026
Learn more about Closing the Evaluation Gap in Agentic AI
Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfaces
AI agents may soon become capable of autonomously completing valuable, longhorizon tasks in diverse domains. Current benchmarks either do not measure real-world tasks, or are not sufficiently difficult to meaningfully measure frontier models. To this end, we present Terminal-Bench 2.0: a carefully curated hard benchmark composed of 89 tasks in computer terminal environments inspired by problems from real workflows. Each task features a unique environment, humanwritten solution, and comprehensive tests for verification. We show that frontier models and agents score less than 65% on the benchmark and conduct an error analysis to identify areas for model and agent improvement. We...
Research Paper
Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfaces

AI agents may soon become capable of autonomously completing valuable, longhorizon tasks in diverse domains. Current benchmarks either do not measure real-world tasks, or are not sufficiently difficult to meaningfully measure frontier models. To this end, we present Terminal-Bench 2.0: a carefully curated hard benchmark composed of 89 tasks in computer terminal environments inspired by problems from real workflows. Each…

Jan 30, 2026
Snorkel Team
Learn more about Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfaces
Part V: Future direction and emerging trends
Blog
Part V: Future direction and emerging trends

Explores how rubrics support agentic, multi-turn, tool-using, multimodal, and code-generating AI systems, and how they evolve with AI feedback and ensemble evaluation.

Dec 05, 2025
Learn more about Part V: Future direction and emerging trends
Chat with the Terminal-Bench team
Blog
Chat with the Terminal-Bench team

Snorkel Chief Scientist Fred Sala and Kobie Crawford chat with the Terminal-Bench team to unpack the design behind Terminal-Bench 2.0 and the new Harbor framework.

Nov 19, 2025
Learn more about Chat with the Terminal-Bench team
Intelligence Per Watt: A New Metric for AI’s Future
Blog
Intelligence Per Watt: A New Metric for AI’s Future

Snorkel AI contributes specialized datasets to Hazy Research’s “Intelligence-per-Watt” study, advancing how efficiently AI turns energy into intelligence.

Nov 12, 2025
Learn more about Intelligence Per Watt: A New Metric for AI’s Future
Snorkeling in RL environments
Blog
Snorkeling in RL environments

We unpack what makes a high-quality RL environment for LLMs and show how we build realistic, enterprise-grade environments at Snorkel AI.

Nov 04, 2025
Learn more about Snorkeling in RL environments
Automating Benchmark Design
The rapid progress and widespread deployment of LLMs and LLM-powered agents has outpaced our ability to evaluate them. Hand-crafted, static benchmarks are the primary tool for assessing model capabilities, but these quickly become saturated. In contrast, dynamic benchmarks evolve alongside the models they evaluate, but are expensive to create and continuously update. To address these challenges, we develop BeTaL (Benchmark Tuning with an LLM-in-the-loop), a framework that leverages environment design principles to automate the process of dynamic benchmark design. BeTaL works by parameterizing key design choices in base benchmark templates and uses LLMs to reason through the resulting parameter space...
Research Paper
Accepted to ICLR 2026
Automating Benchmark Design

The rapid progress and widespread deployment of LLMs and LLM-powered agents has outpaced our ability to evaluate them. Hand-crafted, static benchmarks are the primary tool for assessing model capabilities, but these quickly become saturated. In contrast, dynamic benchmarks evolve alongside the models they evaluate, but are expensive to create and continuously update. To address these challenges, we develop BeTaL (Benchmark…

Learn more about Automating Benchmark Design
Introducing SnorkelSpatial
Blog
Introducing SnorkelSpatial

A procedurally generated and programmatically verified benchmark for evaluating spatial reasoning capabilities in LLMs Large language models (LLMs) are showing remarkable results on solving complex reasoning problems across domains—from mathematical proofs and logical puzzles to graduate-level science and engineering questions. On the other hand, their spatial reasoning capabilities are less understood, even though such reasoning underlies many everyday tasks. We…

Oct 24, 2025
Learn more about Introducing SnorkelSpatial
Scaling Trust: Rubrics in Snorkel’s Quality Process
Blog
Scaling Trust: Rubrics in Snorkel’s Quality Process

Snorkel’s “Trusted Scale” philosophy Welcome to Part 4 of Snorkel AI’s rubric series. In previous posts, we explored how rubrics enable structured evaluation (Part 1), the spectrum of rubric types and use cases (Part 2), and the science behind designing and validating them (Part 3). In this latest installment, we pull back the curtain on how Snorkel puts these principles…

Oct 16, 2025
Learn more about Scaling Trust: Rubrics in Snorkel’s Quality Process
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